A Good Transport Demand Model for Transportation - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Expound on the Report on A Good Transport Demand Model for Transportation. Answer: In the vehicle area, the advancement of various models is basic so as to address various issues and taking care of issues. Transportation models are just key orderly portrayals, which can speak to this present reality transport and land use frameworks as they exist. The vehicle request model is vital and accessible for the leaders and there to assist them with being educated regarding key parts of the transportation arranging choices. For this situation, the models need to meet some key basic focuses so as to be utilized as a component of the vehicle request model. The transportation models can help in the working, conveyance of merchandise and furthermore encouraging both the social and recreational exercises in the street transport. All the key advantages, which the vehicle part can appreciate, are completely gotten from the sort of the model. Likewise, the various needs which the economy, condition and the general public has should be tended to in the interest transportation model and this aides in concocting the best model. By the by, it doesn't state that surfacing with the vehicle request model is only a simple undertaking. There are some key difficulties, which are looked in the advancement of these models, and some incorporate the intricacy and cost adjusting. Another key test looked by the models is the conjecture on the vulnerability so as to permit the chiefs to comprehend the dependence measure (McNally, 2000). Tending to these difficulties will assist the producers with coming up with the best model which will have the option to work. This paper will have the option to look and investigate these qualities and among different attributes, which a decent vehicle request model must have the option to have. One of the key significant attribute of the vehicle request model is being affordable. By and large, the unpredictability of the model and the cost factors must have the option to join to guarantee that the choices creators get the best decision of the model to utilize. The best transportation request model must be key in guaranteeing that the courses will be efficient from the underlying plan stages to the transportation cost. The clients of the street arrange must be efficient enough with the end goal that the various gatherings will have the option to bear the cost of it. Regarding this, the interest model must have the option to address the cost viability of the vehicle segment, which will be created. Notwithstanding the cost boundaries, the model must have the option to guarantee that the multifaceted nature of the transportation part is fathomed. The vehicle request model ought not be so difficult for the individuals to have the option to development. This guarantees the variou s choices creators can utilize this model so as to think of appropriate choice. In every one of the choice, the model must have the option to settle on sure that every chief can take the model investigation it and have the option to concoct the important choices. Also, in the tackling of the multifaceted nature factor, the interest model must have the option to ensure that is accomplished at the applicable cost factors. These are a portion of the key variables which will have the option to decide a decent vehicle request model which can be actualized on the vehicle segment. The excursion created rates in the model must be reasonable to guarantee that it will assist with producing pay. The model needs to consider the various factors, for example, the measures of the family units, sorts of exercises, possession if the autos and even the thickness of the improvement drive. The model will join every one of these components and guarantee it help the choice makes to think about the cost v iability of utilizing the model. Since various interest models will create various costs, the best model must guarantee that the best expense is accomplished for each situation. Another key factor, which the model must have the option to decide, is the excursion age on every area. For each situation, the model needs to figure out which zone each excursion goes. The transportation request model needs to upgrade the allure of the zone so as to settle on the best zone choices. Besides, the engaging quality of the zone can upgrade the assistance in the aiding on the movement time. The key inception and the goal of the various vessels just as the outings made are key component which the vehicle request model needs to think of. What's more, the excursion age must have the option to guarantee that appropriate salary age is accomplished in the transportation part. Since the model needs to break down the post structure and development impacts, the model must have the option to address the future vulnerabilities that will have the option to influence the segment and address them. Much of the time, this assists with tending with the impacts which the area will confront and in this way help the choices creators to concoct appropriate arrangements. Vulnerability is a key factor for the model since it will have the option to support the organizers and model producers to concoct the leave course model, which will assist with avoiding some key difficulties. The best vehicle request model must guarantee that the future vulnerabilities are very much centered around. The model must be nearly sureness on what it can gauge so as to guarantee legitimate dynamic in the possession of the creators to address such issues. What's more, the best vehicle request model must have the option to think about the key method of transport decision, which will be executed unto the created model. The method of transport ought to have the option to upgrade the key vehicle model which the vast majority of the individuals can use in specific areas. This ensures the model will have the option to address the issues, which are accessible in the specific method of transport. Distinctive method of transport has various attributes, which won't be applied on various method of transports. The model will have the option to guarantee the key variables of the part are taken a gander at and that they will be completely tended to by the picked model. Factors, for example, the limit of the mode, calendars and passage levels are the key components, which influence the diverse method of transports. The interest model must have the option to be explicit considering the sort of model it is tending to so as to think about these key var iables. Excursion task is another key factor, which the models can address. The interest model must have the option to help the creators in volumes of deals that can be taken care of by the transportation part through excursion task. The model ought to have the option to gather the key data that is identified with the course choice and the volumes of section bearer. The numbers, which are produced, must have the option to bode well as far as execution. The best interest model will have the option to concoct sensible figures and numbers which can be actualized for each situation. Genuine and the anticipated number of outing task must have the option to have a reasonable figure, which can be actualized absent a lot of issues. In the task, the best interest model will have the option to likewise think of ideal information on street conditions, travel times and travels plans. Taking everything into account, each transport model must have the option to address key components, which pivot around the multifaceted nature issues and cost viability of the vehicle part. Also, different components, which the best model needs to address, incorporate the vulnerability issues, the outing task factors, and the transportation mode it plans to address and outing age.

Snmp - Report free essay sample

The goals of this report are to give the peruser a more clear comprehension of system the executives, the ideas characteristic in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), correlations of SNMP with other system the board conventions, how SNMPs are utilized in organize the board, and, at long last, to give the consequences of analyses completed utilizing a few distinctive modem designs. SNMP is a web standard arrangement of advanced message organization, or convention, for overseeing gadgets on Internet Protocol (IP) systems. Switches, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modems are instances of such gadgets that help SNMP. It was acquainted in 1988 with meet the developing requirement for overseeing Internet Protocol (IP) gadgets [2] and is utilized generally in arrange the executives frameworks to screen organize joined gadgets for conditions that warrant regulatory consideration. SNMP incorporates an application layer convention, a database composition, and a lot of information objects [1]. System the board is a general idea that utilizes the utilization of different apparatuses and procedures, and frameworks to help individuals in overseeing different gadgets, framework, or systems. We will compose a custom article test on Snmp Report or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page One such model of system the board is called FCAPS, or Fault Management, Configuration Management, Accounting Management, Performance Management, and Security Management. Under the SNMP framework and the FCAPS model, at least one authoritative PCs, called directors, are entrusted to screen or potentially oversee at least one bits of programming, called specialists, which run on the system gadget. In particular, the director is a server which is running a product framework that can deal with the board errands for a system. SNMP utilizes the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as the vehicle convention for passing information among administrators and specialists. The advantage to the problematic idea of UDP is that it requires low overhead, so the effect on the network’s execution is diminished. The executives data is the operational parameters of SNMP-fit gadgets. The meaning of oversaw articles can be separated into three characteristics: Name, Type and linguistic structure, and Encoding. Overseen objects are sorted out into a treelike chain of command, this is the reason for SNMP’s naming plan. Care must be taken when recognizing oversaw articles or Object Identifiers (OIDs), across various adaptations of SNMP as there are upgrades to the naming plan. List of chapters Summary flaws, gathering long haul execution information, remote setup of gadgets, and the remote control of a gadget. Another part of SNMP is arrange observing, or the checking of a whole system instead of individual switches, has, and different gadgets. This is called Remote Network Monitoring (RMON) and it tends to be utilized to screen LAN traffic, however WAN interfaces too. In the SNMP framework, there are two sorts of substances: administrators and specialists. A director is a server running a product framework that can deal with the executives undertakings for a system. Administrators are regularly alluded to as Network Management Stations (NMSs). A NMS is liable for surveying and accepting snares from operators in the system. A survey, with regards to organize the board, is the demonstration of questioning an operator (switch, switch, Unix server, and so on ) for some snippet of data. A snare, then again, is a path for the operator to tell the NMS that something has occurred. The specialist is a bit of programming that sudden spikes in demand for the system gadgets that are being overseen. It tends to be a different program or it very well may be fused into the working framework. Today, most IP gadgets accompany a SNMP specialist worked in. The operator additionally gives the executives data to the NMS by monitoring different operational parts of the gadget. At the point when the specialist sees that something terrible has occurred, it can send a snare to the NMS, where it is dealt with fittingly. Figure 1: Relationship between a NMS and an Agent Network Management SNMP is extremely about system the board. System the board is a general idea that utilizes the utilization of different instruments, strategies, and frameworks to help individuals in overseeing different gadgets, frameworks, or systems. One such model for organize the board is called FCAPS, or Fault Management, Configuration Management, Accounting Management, Performance Management, and Security Management. Deficiency the board is utilized to recognize, log, and advise clients of frameworks or systems of issues as vacation of any sort is typically not adequate. Shortcoming the board directs that issue goals initially detaches the issue by utilizing instruments to decide indications, attempts to determine the issue, and afterward at last record the procedure that was utilized to distinguish and resolve the issue. Setup the board is utilized to screen system and framework design data with the goal that the impacts on arrange activity of different adaptations of equipment and programming components can be followed and overseen. This data by and large is put away in a database or the like. As design parameters change for frameworks, this database is refreshed. This information store can likewise help in issue goals. Bookkeeping Management is utilized to guarantee that registering and system assets are sued reasonably by all gatherings or people who get to them. Through this type of guideline, arrange issues can be limited since assets are isolated dependent on limits. Execution the executives is utilized to quantify and provide details regarding different parts of system or framework execution. Execution the board typically begins when execution information is first assembled. Benchmark levels are then settled dependent on investigation of the information assembled. At last, execution edges are set up. An issue as a rule happens when these edges are surpassed. The last part of FCAPS is Security Management which is utilized to control access to certain assets, for example, a system and its hosts, and to help identify and forestall assaults that can bargain systems and hosts. Security the board doesn't just include arrange security frameworks yet additionally physical security. This is normally cultivated using different instruments and frameworks, for example, firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPSs), antivirus frameworks and arrangement the board. Applying the Concepts of Network Management The undertaking of system the board includes tackling a business issue through a usage or some likeness thereof. The fundamental thought is to decrease expenses and increment adequacy. There are four various potential degrees of action with regards to dealing with a particular help or gadget. Dormant, where no checking is being done, receptive, where an issue is managed simply after it happens, intelligent, where parts are observed and interfaced with to investigate them, lastly, proactive, where the framework gives an underlying driver alert at that point starts predefined programmed restoral forms all while being observed. Be that as it may, the capacity to screen a help or framework intuitively or proactively starts with pattern examination and announcing. Bookkeeping Accounting Security Performance Fault Configuration System Management Network Management Change Management Change Management Proactive Inactive Reactive Interactive Trend Analysis Trend Analysis Response Time Reporting Response Time Reporting Alarm Correlation Alarm Correlation Figure 2: Concept of Network Management Trend Analysis and Reporting by and large, the objective of pattern examination is to recognize when frameworks, administrations, or systems are starting to arrive at their greatest limit, with enough lead time to take care of business before it turns into a genuine issue for end clients. Pattern investigation is supported by Response Time Reporting which quantifies how different parts of the system (counting frameworks) are performing as for responsiveness. To limit the numerous cautions and occasions into a solitary caution or a few occasions that delineate the genuine issue, Alarm Correlation is utilized. Caution Correlation is likewise used to assist administrators with realizing that a specialist is for sure up and operational subsequent to being in an awful state. Inclining additionally figures out which gadget is continually inconsistent for examination. The way to inconvenience goals for the administrator is knowing which data gave is important and can help settle the issue. In the event that potential, cautions and alerts ought to furnish the administrator with enough detail so the person in question can adequately investigate and resolve an issue. In any case, if the system is modified, arranged or not, change the executives is utilized to forestall untrustworthy systems and frameworks, and guarantee the right degree of notice with insignificant client sway. The key strides for change the board are: 1. Doling out a change controller. 2. Holding intermittent change survey gatherings. Archiving change input necessities. 4. Recording change yield necessities. 5. Characterizing a change endorsement process. 6. Holding after death gatherings. 7. Building up a crisis change strategy. In this way, change arranging is a procedure that distinguishes the hazard level of a change and assembles change arranging necessities to guarantee that the change is effective. The eight key strides for change arranging are: 1. Doling out every single potential change a hazard level preceding planning the change. 2. Archiving in any event three hazard levels with relating change arranging necessities. Distinguishing hazard levels for programming and equipment updates, topology changes, steering changes, arrangement changes, and new organizations. 4. Doling out higher hazard levels to nonstandard include, move, or change sorts of action. 5. Counting lab approval, seller survey, peer audit, and nitty gritty setup and plan documentation. 6. Making arrangement layouts for organizations influencing different destinations. 7. Incl

Best Sleep Trackers to Buy in 2017

Best Sleep Trackers to Buy in 2017 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Best Sleep Trackers to Buy in 2017Updated On 17/03/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Gadgets GizmosShort URL : http://hbb.me/2mzna0t CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThe importance of sleep trackers is increasing day by day. An efficient sleep tracker allows you to verify how well you are sleeping, your heart rate, respiratory rate and your sleeping pattern. It is essential equipment for those who are struggling with getting good quality and the right amount of sleep.Benefits of Sleep TrackersIn a technology driven world, information is vital. Due to the importance given to information, the popularity of sleep trackers has increased over the last couple of years as it gives you important information regarding your vital signs and sleep. Today, there are a number of sleep trackers that offer various exciting features to track your sleep and help you improve your sleep pattern.By tracking sleep, sleep trackers allow individuals to make a connection between good night’s sleep and overall health.Sleep Trackers allow you to identify what leads to poor quality of sleep. Sleep Trackers identify sleep disorders and help to take necessary actions to rectify them.Let us discuss the top five sleep trackers to buy in 2017. In addition to this, you must also ensure that you sleep on a good quality mattress to sleep better. You can read reviews in http://www.thebest-mattress.org/ about the different varieties and brands of mattresses available.Top 5 Sleep Trackers to Buy in 2017S+ by ResMed Personal Sleep Solution: It is one of the first companies to introduce a sleep tracker that does not require any physical contact to keep track of how you sleep. You can keep this powerful sleep tracker on the table near to your mattress and it will simply measure your sleep pattern and bedroom environment. The main advantage of ‘S+ by ResMed Personal Sleep Solution’ is that the measurement is 100% accurate and compares your sleeping score with your age and gender.This sleep tracker can also measure the light, temperature and noise present in your bedroom. It also provides personalized sleep coaching advice based on your sleeping pattern and the bedroom environment so that you can improve your sleep quality.Fitbit Charge 2: Fitbit is a wearable sleep tracking system that provides accurate information about your sleeping pattern. This part activity monitor, part sleep monitor and part smart watch performs each role perfectly. Fitbit Charge 2 gives you a detailed report about your total sleeping time, the number of times you woke up and how long you were awake and restless. This information is vital for taking necessary actions to improve the quality of quality.READKingston Unveils World's First 256GB USB Flash Drive : DataTraveler 300Jawbone UP3: If you are looking for an accurate and excellent sleep tracker, then Jawbone UP3 is the one for you. The simple and stylish looking sleep tracker is an advanced sleep tracker that is currently available in the market for sale. Jawbone UP3 reads your sleep patterns using advanced sensors like bioimpedance. Jawbone UP3 also measures your rate of breathing, heart rate, and body temperature. The automatic sleep monitoring device displays the most accurate data about the time you fell asleep, the time you woke up, how many times you woke up, amount of REM sleep, deep sleep and many other statistics.Sleepace Reston: Sleepace Reston is one of the few dedicated sleep trackers that you can buy. Compared to other sleep trackers, Sleepace Reston monitors your sleep parameters more accurately and correctly. It also measures details such as the time taken for you to fall asleep, time you woke up, number of times you turned over or woke up from the bed, and the actual sleep time. It also measures your heart beat rates and breathing rates. You don’t have to put it on your wrist or anywhere on your body. It can be kept just near to your pillow or underneath your bed sheet.Beddit 2.0 Smart Sleep Monitor: This sleep monitor is another dedicated sleep tracker that you can keep underneath the bed sheet. The Beddit 2.0 Smart Sleep Monitor device collects information that is necessary to know your sleep pattern. It also monitors the heart and respiratory movements. Hence, it is most suitable for those who want to keep track of their vital signs and overall health.Get any one of the sleep trackers discussed above and monitor your sleep pattern so that you can make the necessary changes in life to make your nights longer, and mornings easier.

Social Prejudice in Schools - 1738 Words

In my report, I am going to talk about the social prejudice that occurs in the schools between students and also teachers. Children from middle-class families generally are more successful in public schools than children from low-income families. Is the school system responsible for this problem, or is lower performance among low-income children a result of their home environment? The home environment has a big role in a childs education and if it is not supportive of the school environment, the student will not be as successful in school as the child whose home environment is supportive of the schools learning environment will. The typical public school teacher is a middle-class white female. The typical curricula, tests, and†¦show more content†¦He also has professional connections and can help her get a job once she graduates. A low-income, working class father who is a janitor probably cannot help his son succeed in science to the same extent that the middle-class girl succeeded. This father does not have or have access to the same resources that the middle-class father has. No matter how much he encourages his son to do well, he cannot offer the same advantages that the middle-class family can. Poor families typically lack educational tools and intellectual stimuli in the home (computers, books/magazines, etc.) (Spring, 82). In Aint No Makin It, MacLeod gave us an example of the parents who couldnt offer their kids much more than encouragement: the Brothers had high goals and worked hard, but in almost every case failed to reach their goals. The parents expectations were in place, but they werent enough. Low-income parents are a product of the same sorting machine (the public school system) (Oakes, 75, quoting MacLeod) that their children are now experiencing, so they dont have the skills necessary to teach their children differently than they were taught. Some educators think that teaching parents how to help their children learn would be a big step toward overcoming social-class barriers in education (Spring, 102). Because differentShow MoreRelated Social prejudice in schools Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesSocial prejudice in schools Children from middle-class families generally are more successful in public schools than children from low-income families. Is the school system responsible for this problem, or is lower performance among low-income children a result of their home environment? The home environment has a big role in a child’s education and if it is not supportive of the school environment, the student will not be as successful in school as the child whose home environment isRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination977 Words   |  4 PagesDistinction between prejudice and discrimination is attitude versus action. Prejudice refers to negative attitudes or feelings toward or about an entire category of people (Mooney p. 289). Whereas discrimination refers to the actions or practices that result in the differential treatment of categories of individuals (Mooney, p. 292); individuals act on their prejudices which result in discrimination. It is critical to analyze the relationship betwee n prejudices and discrimination as to they affectRead MorePrejudice in the School Systems and How to Fix It1549 Words   |  7 PagesToday’s concerns about ethnic prejudice, taking place in the schools, are being brought to the forefront. In response to these concerns, two weeks of summer training is being considered as a requirement for all teachers and staff members. Some are under the impression that prejudice and hate are inevitable and therefore do not find the training necessary. What is being presented will address these concerns and show everyone that prejudice is prevalent with in the schools and can be reduced. ThereRead MoreThe Social Aspects of Prejudice793 Words   |  3 Pages The Social Aspects of Prejudice Since the beginning of time humans unknowingly, have placed themselves in social classes. These social classes account for the many stereotypical type who have been plagued in different groups. It is something many cannot help, but we all have our own thoughts and perceptions. Whether they are rich or poor, a man or a woman holding the many different beliefs of religion, they still are prone to prejudice. Prejudice is a favorable optionRead MorePredjudice and Discrimination as a Part of Our Cognitive Social Being804 Words   |  4 Pagesof Our Cognitive Social Being Prejudice and Discrimination are an all to common part of our cognitive social being, but many social psychologists believe that it can be stopped, but only with the help of social conditioning. In this writing I hope to explain and point out some key terms and points made in my assigned chapter. Prejudice refers to a special type of attitude, usually something negative toward any group or ethnicity that is not of ones own social class. AttitudeRead MoreHow Culture Influences The Development Of Attitudes1660 Words   |  7 PagesAttitudes, racism and culture Word count without references: 1470 Attitudes An attitude are the long lasting beliefs, feelings, and behavioral responses towards social objects such as other people or issues (Attitudes and Behavior, n.d.). Attitudes can either be positive or negative. There are three components that underlie every attitude. These are referred to the ABC’S of attitudes and consist of an affective, behavioral and cognitive component. The affective component involves our feelingsRead MoreEssay on The Causes of Prejudice by Vincent N. Parrillo850 Words   |  4 Pages Prejudice is known for negative beliefs and actions upon individuals or even groups of people. In the article, â€Å"Causes of Prejudice† by Vincent N. Parrillo, Parrillo talks about both the psychological and sociological causes of prejudice but in this particular essay we will just be focusing on the former side of the equation. It happens at the cognitive level of prejudice where a person or a group of people believe in something that is not true. For example, some people say Asian people are notRead MorePrejudice Is An Innate Quality Of Humans987 Words   |  4 Pagesnow, understanding prejudice has been one of human’s greatest challenges. Prejudice can be des cribed as an unfavourable, negative attitude towards a social group and its individual members. On the surface this may not seem like a significant issue, however, it can become associated with dehumanisation and violence. It is suggested that every human is prejudice; people make assumptions based on characteristics such as age, sex, and ethnicity. There are many explanations of prejudice, however, there hasRead MoreRacial Prejudice By Gordon Allport1551 Words   |  7 Pages The study of prejudice dates back as far as 75 years ago, Gordon Allport, an American psychologist defines prejudice as â€Å"a feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to or not based on actual experience.† Allport has a five-phase model of â€Å"acting out our prejudices.† In order of least to most damaging to the group being prejudiced, the phases are antilocution, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack, and extermination. These forms of prejudice range from small groupsRead MoreImpact of Prejudice Stereotype and Discrimination Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Most people know about and have experienced prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Social psychologists differentiate among these terms by focusing on whether they involve feelings (affect), cognition, or behaviors.† (Feenstra, J. 2013) As individuals we tend to migrate toward those that may look think or act like us because it may cause hate towards anyone that i s different. This may inhibit social interaction with those outside of our comfort zone. There are often consequences that affect

The Civil Rights Movement Essay - 1071 Words

Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. - - Martin Luther King, Jr. The Civil rights Movement helped people realize how powerful their voice can be, which changed America completely. One of those people who had a powerful voice was Martin Luther King, Jr. He was an inspiring and influential leader of the Civil Rights Movement. The quote above is just one of many inspirational comments made by Martin Luther King. The peaceful protests against racism, which this African-American man directed, often got responses of violent threats, beatings, and arrests. King stressed how significant it was that the black community would not stoop down to the†¦show more content†¦Later to become the first African-American Supreme Court Justice in America, Marshall was the man who argued the â€Å"separate but equal† was just a myth trying to cover up racism. Even though it is not a single person, the Little Rock Nine was another contributor to discovering equal rights for African-Americans. This group was the first crowd of blacks to attend Central High School, an all-white school in Little Rock, Arkansas. Being in the Deep South, there was an unbelievable amount of racism. However, these African-American teenagers were determined to stay and be given an equal chance at education as whites received. One day when she was walking into school, Elizabeth Eckford, age fifteen, said Though they had to fight through insults and even death threats, several of the Little Rock Nine students proceeded through high school to get their diploma. Nine African-American students faced a racist system and conquered it. On February 1, 1960, four African-American college students, all freshmen, protested at a whites only Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. They insisted to be served and by doing this, they unintentionally built the foundation for a countrywide movement. After the students sat and politely requested service, the manager of the store came out and asked for them to leave. The next day, several other North Carolina Agricultural and Technical black students joined these freshmen and protested. As the days wentShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Civil Rights Movement1179 Words   |  5 Pagessegregations. Out of the numerous elements that arose in the 1960s, there are three movements that truly affected the American society. Firstly, the rise of the civil rights movement was greatly influenced by racial discrimination of colored people in the South. Secondly, the women’s movement aimed to convince the society that women are capable of achieving and maintaining higher waged job like males. Lastly, the gay rights movement aimed to gain acceptance and stop discrimination of homosexuality. The mostRead MoreThe Folk Music Of The Civil Rights Movement1208 Words   |  5 PagesResponse Paper #4 The folk music of the Civil Rights Movement â€Å"came out of tradition, common experience, and generations of resistance† (Dunaway 2010: 140). The songs used throughout the movement derived from the shared experiences and struggles of African Americans while connecting â€Å"the gentle, idealistic world of folk music and the integrationist world of civil rights† (Dunaway 2010: 145). Songs, such as â€Å"We Shall Overcome†, were put through the folk process, where a song is passed on and alterationsRead MoreThe Great Leaders Of The Civil Rights Movement1563 Words   |  7 Pages They seem to be forgotten until they are highlighted once again. Another example of a person that was not really highlighted for their actions is Nina Simone. She made an impact on the Civil Right Movement that not many other artist or celebrity would have done. When you think of the Civil Rights Movement the first three that come to mind of course are, Martin Luther King Jr., Malco m X, and Rosa Parks. So, when someone hears the name Nina Simone the two most common responses might be â€Å"Who’sRead MoreSocial Movements : Black Civil Rights2647 Words   |  11 PagesSocial movements are vital to the establishment of our societies, and they way we are governed. Social movements help the less privileged band together to create a stronger voice among a sea of political correctness and unlawfully rule that the public supposedly have to abide by without question. Movements create this new form of platform that, if done successfully, are able to create a worldwide frenzy where people from across all walks of life, including politicians, academics, the less fortunateRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed history not only for African American’s, but for all who live in the United States. Martin was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. As a child Martin attended many public segregated schools throughout Georgia until he graduated at the age of fifteen. Following high school, Martin Luther King Jr. attended many colleges such as, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. While studyingRead MoreCauses Of The Civil Rights Movement954 Words   |  4 Pagesquote was very much true. Post civil war times were hard on African Americans. Even though at the time they were considered free, they were often criticized and discriminated against. Finally, shootings, brutality, and unfair treatment were enough. In an effort to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans all over the country, they took a stand. This was known as the Civil Rights Movement. There were many interesting events that cause d this movement. The three main causes thatRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† This was a speech by Martin Luther King Jr. Even one hundred years after slavery was banned, African Americans were still being treated unfairly. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960’s. The Civil Rights movement was a movement of AfricanRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pages The civil right movement refers to the reform movement in the United States beginning in the 1954 to 1968 led primarily by Blacks for outlawing racial discrimination against African-Americans to prove the civil rights of personal Black citizen. For ten decades after the Emancipation Proclamation, African-Americans in Southern states still live a rigid unequal world of deprive right of citizenship, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. â€Å"JimRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages The Civil Rights Movement The 13th amendment, passed on the first of January, 1865 abolished slavery throughout America. Although African Americans were considered free after this amendment was approved, they still had a long and arduous struggle to absolute freedom. Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was frequently used throughout many of the Southern and Border States. Schools, bathrooms, libraries, and even water fountains were segregated. Though there wereRead MoreCivil Rights Movement Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights, was a mass movement during the 1950s and 1960s. It was one of the most intricate social movements of mankind. The Civil Rights Movement was a period where African Americans did not have the same equal rights or treatment as the whites. Instead, African Americans were segregated from whites by not going to school together, having to sit in the back of the bus, not being able to move freely, or not having the right to vote. Over the

Treatments For Type 2 Diabetes - 1476 Words

Essay on â€Å"Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes† Introduction Diabetes mellitus is due to a lack of insulin production from beta cells in the pancreas resulting in an insufficient amount of insulin to be able to regulate the bodies blood sugar levels. This causes insulin resistance which is the inability of cells to respond properly to insulin in the fat tissues, muscles and liver. What normally happens in the liver is insulin suppresses glucose synthesis if the levels in the blood are to high and causes the cells especially in the liver to take in glucose and store it as glycogen. However during insulin resistance the liver continuously breaks down glycogen in glycogenolysis to release glucose into the blood. Once liver is saturated with†¦show more content†¦Hypoglycaemia is where the blood glucose levels become very low making you feel weak and hungry, this can be controlled by eating or drinking sugary foods. After a meal the glucose absorbed into the blood stream triggers alpha cells to realise glucagon into the bloodstream which s ignals the liver to bread down glycogen into glucose. This increases the glucose levels in the blood therefore insulin needs to be produced to lower the levels, people with diabetes take insulin injection or medication in response however this sometimes decreases the glucose levels to a point where its to low causing hypoglycaemia. Lifestyle changes Type 2 diabetes can be prevented and managed with simple lifestyle changes. If diagnosed the individual would have to look after their health for all their life. By eating healthy foods especially this low in fat, losing weight and exercising your blood glucose levels can be kept at a safe and healthy level without the need for drugs. Increasing fibre and reducing fat intake especially saturated fat can prevent type 2 diabetes. For people with diabetes, increase consumption of foods high in fibre can alter hormonal signals slowing down nutrient absorption in the large intestine. Keeping your weight down by gradually reducing calorie intake and becoming physically

Risk Drivers for Jazz Band Tour for Realistic - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRisk Drivers for Jazz Band Tour Event for Realistic. Answer: Review of Scenario The project involves event management for a tour that will have a number of events for a popular jazz band. There are various tour dates set where the band will perform in different places on different dates. In organizing such an event, many risk factors have to be considered carefully. The management has to come up with ways in which the risks will be mitigated so that the tour becomes a success. Risk Drivers Risk drivers are an important factor because they will determine if the event s are on track and whether the key objectives are being achieved (Davies 2014). The drivers in this case will address the following factors: Whether the objectives set for the tour event are realistic and achievable Whether the plan for carrying out the tour is efficient If tasks and activities have been done effectively and efficiently The tour event complies with all relevant policies, laws, and regulations The event s company has the capacity and capability to manage the tour event for the jazz group The systems which are in place will effectively support the tour There are enough human resources to ensure the tour event goes on smoothly The risk drivers for the tour event are: Costs The costs of the whole tour event has to be considered Project Schedule The schedule has to be realistic and achievable Project Perfomance The project must perform according to the standards which have been set (Burke 2013) Governance The leadership has to behave responsibly so that the project succeeds Strategy Strategy planning has to be according to the tour objectives Operations Processes and procedures of the event management company have to be considered Market- The company has to consider its competitors who offer similar services Legal All legal policies must be taken into consideration especially due to the fact that it is a tour External Hazards-Weather and terrain have to be considered The above risk drivers have risks associated with them and they are listed in the table below with their probability, impact and mitigation strategies. Risk Drivers Actual Risks Measurement Impact (High, Medium or Low) Probability 1-5 minimal 6-12 moderate 15-20 serious 21-25 critical Risk Mitigation Strategies Costs Inadequate Financing for tour Unforeseen costs Have extra project funds High Critical Project Fund and Insurance Project Schedule Slippages hence causing longer tour dates Number of extra days tour takes Medium Serious Have Gantt Chart Involve all stakeholders in project schedule Project performance Lack of crowd turn-up for concerts Ticket sales below par due to pricing Performers not turning up Undersold Tickets High ticket prices High Critical Ticketing survey beforehand Cost effective ticket pricing Governance Reputational risk if company does not perform as required Restrictive legislation in some areas where tour is meant to occur Poor sound, lighting, ambience Shorter tour hours Medium Serious Have pre-practice sessions to see if equipment is okay Know legislation of different areas with regards to band touring Strategy Disappointment by some suppliers Over or Under estimating crowd turn ups Shoddy work, unhappy band members Too little or too many people Medium Moderate Prior planning by proper advertising and finding out about jazz lovers in different areas Hyping the event Operations Late procurement of required equipment Delays in processes like venue booking Performance Delays Setup Delays Loss of venues Medium Critical Early procurement planning Assignment of tasks to specific people Market Competition booking spots intended for the jazz band tour due to booking delays Not studying the market for jazz music lovers well Venue Loss Few fans turning up Low Strong Benchmark and advertise Book early Legal Contract risks if events company underperforms Copyright Infringement Claims by other musicians Loss of future business Medium Strong Ensure all legal procedures are followed in case some of the music will be borrowed Ensure high performing organization by training employees well and motivating them hence they will handle musicians well External Hazards Risk of bad weather or other natural hazards which can interrupt the tour Venue closedowns Lack of travelling Cancellations Low Strong Ensure dates are checked, weather for areas where tour will be held is checked, any hazards are taken seriously It is very important that the events management company identifies any risks that may affect the tour of the jazz band beforehand. His will give the company an overview of what might make the project fail to succeed and they can come up with the relevant solutions on time (Davies 2014). When handling music bands the company has to be very careful as it is very easy to suffer reputational risk due to a failed project. It is therefore important that the events management company have a risk committee for the project. The role of the risk committee will be to look at the project holistically and identify potential risks. They also assess the impact that the particular risk may cause and then suggest possible solutions. This will help the company to think of risks before they occur. They will also take into consideration very many factors before project implementation (Burke 2013). It is key that at every stage of the tour project, risks are identified and mitigated. Risks keep changing all the time hence a risk today may not be a risk tomorrow and vice versa. The tour event company has high probability of having a very successful tour due to the risk identification exercise. The company will maintain a risk register which will be continuously updated and will be critical in helping the organization make the right strategic moves that will ensure the companys event organizing activities are always a success. Identification of risk drivers is an important exercise that all organizations must aim to undertake if they wish to succeed in strategy. It will save the company millions of money that would have been used trying to mend mistakes once they have already taken place. References Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Davies, J.C., 2014.Comparing environmental risks: tools for setting government priorities. Routledge.

Problems of the Employee Stress in Organizations

Public Nudity Essays - Nudity, Public Nudity, Civil Disobedience

Public Nudity Essays - Nudity, Public Nudity, Civil Disobedience Public Nudity Recently, people have showed concern about the fact that women are allowed to roam around topless in the streets of Toronto, and there is no question that some people find public nudity offensive. However, whether people should be offended is debatable; their reaction is often closer to confusion or embarrassment. The human body deserves to be shown and respected both for its beauty and its so-called imperfections. In the appropriate places and situations, public nudity can be comfortable, healthy and can ultimately break social barriers, which hinder communication between people. There are appropriate times and places for anyone who would like to roam around nude. Exposing oneself in the city might not be a good idea. It could lead to sexual harassment or legal consequences. But what is wrong with people expressing themselves at a local park, beach or on their own front lawn? Anyone who has spent any amount of time in ill-fitting, uncomfortable clothing knows how good it feels when clothing is not being worn. Clothing is, by nature, something foreign to the body, and its presence is always known to the wearer. Clothing does have some practical uses. It keeps us warm from the harsh conditions of the environment and protects us when doing dangerous work. Clothes do not exist to hide our bodies. There is a tremendous feeling of freedom when nude. Once you have been swimming nude, you'll never understand why anyone would ever want to wear clothes in the water. Medical research has shown that clothing can be unhealthy in certain situations. For example, evidence supports the hypothesis that wet, clingy swimsuits can constrict the flow of bodily fluids. Eliminate the swimsuit, and you've eliminated that problem. Furthermore, it is beneficial to ones mental health to be expressive. In a free society, people should be free to express themselves and do what they want as long as their freedom doesnt impede the freedom of others, endanger them, or remove their fundamental rights. Nudity breaks a lot of social barriers that have hindered communication between people, because there are no Armani suits, no gang colors, no uniforms, or social trends to define ones social status. Present Canadian law indicates that it is not an offence to be nude on an isolated beach. Yet, this suggests that when nude, a person is no longer fit to be seen, and should be separated from others. Surely, this is a prejudicial point of view. Nudity also takes away the artificial inhibitions that society has forced upon us when we were born. If you think about it, the parts that we cover are arbitrary. It has been suggested that we cover the genital area because of its sexual nature. In fact, an equally sexual body part is the lips. Nevertheless, people walk around exposing their lips without causing mass arousal. Many people find public nudity offensive. Too much emphasis is put on the perfect body by a clothing-obsessed society. Most people know that almost no one has a perfect body, and that beauty can be found in bodies of all shapes, sizes, colors, and ages many of them with the scars of life. Nudity is the means to the goal of body acceptance. When nude, the full beauty of the human body is exposed, creating pride in what you've got and reducing the desire for what you havent got. Public nudity can be appealing to some people but not for others. People have to start to realize that we are all naked underneath and there is no shame in that. Whether nudity can break some of the social barriers or not, it all comes down to this; being nude is comfortable, healthy and most of all, its fun!

Sustainable Marketing Econ-Friendly Fashion Assignment

Sustainable Marketing Econ-Friendly Fashion - Assignment Example The paper "Sustainable Marketing Econ-Friendly Fashion" discovers the Sustainable Marketing in the Fashion Sector. Sustainable Marketing is a process which involves promoting products that are environmental friendly and safe at the retail level, which helps the company to reach its sustainability goals. Companies that follow sustainable marketing have a commitment to bring about sustainability in their production and supply chain processes also. This type of marketing also helps the companies to bridge the gap between the company’s profitability and its corporate social responsibility. The capital investment required in this type of marketing is huge, as the company has to spend a lot in the research and development of the product so that they have effect the environment in appositive way. For example, there is a company that wants to manufacture sustainable cosmetics. The company will use fewer chemicals and more of natural ingredients, for this the company will have to spend a lot on the innovation of the product. It will make the investment because the company thinks that the customers will buy the products because of its innovation and additional features. This will also help the company to enhance its brand image as they can portray to the stakeholder that they are a responsible company and they care for the society and also for the future generations. In this way, business analysts consider sustainable marketing to have a triple bottom line which means that the company’s success is evaluated.

Freedom and my story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom and my story - Essay Example When I am here in America, I can leave my house at anytime I wish to attend my friends’ functions and other events since the country does not restrict me from doing so at any time I wish to. However, back in my country, I cannot enjoy similar freedom since my country forbids people especially women from moving around freely because of societal beliefs that are connected to the main religion; Islam. When attending my friends’ parties, we listen and dance to music since I like dancing so much. The people in U.S enjoy many forms of freedom most of which are not available in Saudi Arabia. While anyone in U.S can play and listen to any form of music that they please, my home country forbids that under religious beliefs. When I am in America, I have the freedom to listen to any music as well as dance to it at any place without any form of restrictions. This is not possible in my home country because music is seen as a way of distracting the country’s highly religious population. In fact, when I go to a mall in Saudi Arabia for shopping, I cannot enjoy listening to music while shopping since it is forbidden. Meanwhile, when doing my shopping here in U.S, which I frequently do when accompanied by my friends, I enjoy listening to cool music. I enjoy this freedom because my shopping experience becomes more enjoyable. In America, I can take any course without restrictions w hereas my home country prohibits learning music in public schools making it very hard for my friends who love music to study it. For this reason, some of my friends come to America to pursue their careers in music. Personally, I am a social person. I socialize with different types of people when in school and when doing my day-to-day activities. When I am in U.S, I enjoy the freedom of socializing with different types people, as it is my nature to interact with people. Going back to my home country, this is virtually impossible especially when in a public

The strengths and weaknesses of relativist views of ethics Essay Example for Free

The strengths and weaknesses of relativist views of ethics Essay A. How might a moral relativist respond to the claim that people should always tell the truth? B. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of relativist views of ethics. (A) To tell the truth is morally right, but telling a lie can also be morally right. Can the contradictions both be justified if the motive is love? Can we lie if the intention is love, or by always telling the truth are we better people? Some relativists claim that as long as the intention is love, then an action is morally right. In a relationship, when the crucial moment arrives and your partner turns to you and says, Do you love me?, how best do you respond? Morally, can you justify lying to someone about love? The law of love says that you can not refrain from action. If refrain denies you from following a certain course, then can lying be accepted? Dependant upon whether you do love the person or not, the best approach to take will be a matter of your personal opinion and beliefs. Fletcher would deal with a situation relative to love. Relativism, relativizes the absolute, it does not absolutize the relative. If the absolute is such that, you should tell the truth because it is the loving thing to do, then relativism would say that, maybe saying Yes, I do love you, may be justifiable, but it may also cause the most pain in the long run. This relativist approach is held by consequentalists. The pain of turning to someone and saying, No, I dont love you, may be initially hurtful, but it is done to bring about the best long-term result. A deontological approach would differ with this, and impart a belief that your answer would come from a pre-determined set of rules that you chose to live your life by. Here, there is no intention of harming or pleasing someone, as the consequences of your response would not factor into it. When responding to a situation, who has the right to justify whether the action was morally right? Is justification dependant upon love, motive, intention or belief? Where does love factor into a situation? If love is the determining factor behind a lie, is it therefore justified? Situation ethicists would say that love decides which actions are morally right. The circumstances of which an act is executed, decides upon the moral justification. Responsibility appears to widen as the choice of outcome increases. By telling a lie, you therefore have to accept full responsibility for its consequences. Will this widening of freedoms be a problem in a society where we are all of different moral standing? The truth of the matter is that maybe there may be some people within society who do not conform to the same moral standards set down by their community. When making important moral decisions (some may classify lying as one such example), is it not important to be fully qualified? Some may argue that those who are morally uneducated are not competent of making important decisions, and therefore this widening freedom, is potentially a road to moral disaster. Lies are justifiable, as conception of morality and social ethics are distorted. Perception of truth is also an underlying factor for discussion. The ability to rationalise situations depends upon intellect and up-bringing. Most situations can be rationalised as morally right, (if youre of the belief of subjectivism everyone has the right to their own moral beliefs), as long as a person is of a high enough intellect. Lying can equally be justified by those who are of low and of high intellect, as a full understanding and comprehension of the consequences and detriment of certain actions is understood on different levels. Those who have greater understanding may therefore see the lie as morally wrong. This would be due to the fact that they have a different insight into the situation. Different people have different views upon moral attitudes, and most believe theyre more than entitled to their opinion. Cultures will rationalise situations with different theories and attitudes, and as a result of this, lying in one culture can be morally right, whereas in another it will be morally wrong. Society will nurture people into certain beliefs and understandings, and consequently the moral justification surrounding lies will always differ from society to society. (B) Living in the modern world, we are lead to believe that social tolerance is a norm. It would be nice for this to be the reality; however, we all know it is an unachievable dream. The subjectivist creates a lifestyle which everyone aspires to but society denies us of. The idea that you have the ability to think, understand and believe whatever you would like to, would be nice, the practicality of it unfortunately, is that this type of thinking would only bring about conflict within humanity. No level-ground would exist. With everyone of the opinion that they were right, would we not be on our way to creating an argumentative generation who are not capable of compromise? The theory is good, but the practise should never be tried if we want our world to stay relatively civilised. If society should be made to conform, then why are we not living in a land where our lives are shaped by rules and regulations? Absolutists would relish the day that humans are made to toe the line. Conflict and difference within the world, would not occur as everyone would be living within the same rules, and therefore there would be no room for discrepancies. The diversity between societies creates an environment in which tolerance is needed to overcome conflict. By establishing a theory which allows a plural approach to situations, it can be understood that we are encouraging a greater respect and appreciation of the differences between cultures. This conventionalist approach rejects ethnocentricity, but accepts, like subjectivism, certain ideas like Hitlers genocide. How can an approach such as this be received as acceptable within the civilised world? Other controversial questions are raised by this point of view, e.g. How can we remain neutral in response to situations which one culture accepts to be morally right, and another deems morally wrong? This question would never arise if an absolutist approach was imposed upon the world. The principle that there is one set of moral truths to be followed by everyone, independent of religion or culture, can also be believed to be the will of God. His omnipotence means that his law is the only law. The other philosophy is that of Jesus claim, that love is the greatest charge, and therefore there is leeway, as far as love is the driving factor. On the reverse, situation ethics would argue, that ethical rules are very often minor; the individual situation should be individually evaluated. Maybe love is the greatest factor, but this is highly disputed between the theorists. The love theory: Im sure many people would like to believe that if the motive, intention or even the outcome is love, then lying is morally acceptable, but for many the truth may not be so clear cut. Once again, the idea is good in theory, but the practice may not be so realistic. Telling the absolute truth to everyone you meet seems like an ideal way to live; never having to cover up lies with more lies. Minimally distorting the truth, (white lies), is an excepted custom these days. Lying is an accepted way of life for two fundamental reasons: 1. To provide gain and 2. To avoid pain. However, the problem facing people today is the fact that lies are easily exposed by our body language, and most peoples natural feeling of guilt. So, are we really gaining or avoiding anything, if the truth is bound to surface sooner or later? Truth be told, the world may be a better place if the world was to be lie less, but we may all believing in a perpetual land of unhappiness. At present however, it seems that most people are happy to live in an oblivious state; a happy state, even if they are living a lie.

Legalizing Marijuana :: The United States Should Legalize Marijuana

Marijuana is a misunderstood drug that is thought of as dangerous, when in fact it is in anything but. Because of people’s ignorance and gullibility marijuana has become illegal for all the wrong reasons and should highly be reconsidered for legalization. For centuries, marijuana has been used by different nationalities of people for religious, recreational, and medical use. Marijuana has been legalized in such European countries as Holland and Belgium. Civil Liberties on the Internet has quoted Great Britain’s Guardian saying, â€Å"Italy, Spain and Portugal are reported to be considering similar moves for cannabis" (Europe Goes To Pot) So why is the legalization of marijuana in the United States such a problem for many people today? Considered to be a gateway drug and the reason for the downfall of our youth today, marijuana has developed a negative reputation. Lester Grinspoon, a professor at Harvard University, states, â€Å"Few drugs in the United States ha ve produced as much affective heat as marijuana, particularly during the last decade. The controversy essentially revolves around the question of how dangerous or safe the drug is† (Grinspoon, 1). However, many people are chronic users and believe that this drug is no more harmful than smoking cigarettes. Despite its useful medical effects for relieving pain and nausea, marijuana is a psychedelic drug that will be looked down upon because of false claims about it. Marijuana is a dried leaf from the top of the hemp plant. This plant is able to reach a height of 16 to 20 feet high, depending on climate conditions. Producing both male and female plants, the male plant is thought to have little effect when used for intoxication. With a hollow stem, the female marijuana plant can have seven to eleven leaves and a very strong odor. The part of the marijuana plant that is responsible for intoxication is the sticky, golden resin, which contains the highest amounts of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Expomed dot COM has done further study of marijuana and states, â€Å"Tetrahydrocannabinol is generally accepted to be the principle active component- in marijuana, although other cannabinoids are likely to contribute to the physiological activity of marijuana† (Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) Other parts of the female marijuana plant may contain THC, but more investigation will be needed to determine its potency. Greater intoxication is determined by t he amount of resin in the plant.

Bioethics Essay

There are so many things in this world that people see an ethically unacceptable. A few topics are adoption, cloning, and consent. These are big topics because they are common and most of the public is aware of these controversies. To start, consent is a huge issue in America today. You will not find one thing in that does not require some kind of consent. Patient consent, consumer consent, or parental consent. In the medical field patients have to give full consent to all of their treatments, and or procedures. If a patient does not give consent then the doctors cannot legally proceed with any type of medical treatment. Consent to any treatment is a vital part to both the doctor and the patient. The doctor can only tell the patient the information needed, and tell them what is best for their health, it is up to the patient to decide if they want to continue with treatment or not. For the patient to consent the treatment has to have a high percentage of success, of not they may look for other options. Sometimes doctors will add or embellish information to get a certain response from their patient. It is important for the patient to fully understand their condition, and to know all of their options. A doctor cannot legally make a decision about a patient without that persons consent, and if they are physically/mentally unable to provide the consent the doctor needs, a family member or parent is put in place to make those decisions for the patient. The respect for the human body is determined by the patient. If the doctor feels the patient does not care about how they become healthy, and only wants a positive outcome it leaves many doors open for the doctor to do what they feel necessary to benefit the patient. Ethics in the public sector, such as in hospitals and other health care organizations, cannot transcend politics completely, because the public sector is the political arena. For ethical guidelines to survive, however, they must be based not on political expediency but on sound ethical principles and reasoning. As the knowledge of medicine, technology, and science continues to grow, the challenges of regulation, policy, and ethical issues in the hospital setting and elsewhere in the health care system will occupy physicians for some time to come. Medical informed consent is essential to the physician’s ability to diagnose and treat patients as well as the patient’s right to accept or reject clinical evaluation, treatment, or both. Medical informed consent should be an exchange of ideas that buttresses the patient-physician relationship. The consent process should be the foundation of the fiduciary relationship between a patient and a physician. Physicians must recognize that informed medical choice is an educational process and has the potential to affect the patient-physician alliance to their mutual benefit. Physicians must give patients equality in the covenant by educating them to make informed choices. When physicians and patients take medical informed consent seriously, the patient-physician relationship becomes a true partnership with shared decision-making authority and responsibility for outcomes. Physicians need to understand informed medical consent from an ethical foundation, as codified by statutory law in many states, and from a generalized common-law perspective requiring medical practice consistent with the standard of care. It is fundamental to the patient-physician relationship that each partner understands and accepts the degree of autonomy the patient desires in the decision-making process. As a matter of both ethics and the law, adult patients who have no cognitive impairments should be centrally involved as decision-makers during their medical care. In ethics, the well-established principle of â€Å"respect for persons† that supports this perspective Because no one is usually better suited than adults themselves to appreciate what a diagnosis and treatment means for their lives, patients should ordinarily be respected as â€Å"experts† about the medical treatment that is desirable to them. Respecting patients as the central decision-maker also protects against paternalism, the view that health care practitioners should make decisions they believe to be in patients’ best interests. The law converges with ethics in making it inadvisable for physicians to impose tests and treatments on patients without their knowledge or consent. In the United States, the law will treat medical treatment imposed without consent as a wrongful action. In response to a charge of unwanted treatment, Justice Benjamin Cardozo offered a classic legal opinion in the 1914 case Schloendorff v. Society of N. Y. Hospital: â€Å"every human being of adult years has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body; and a surgeon who performs an operation without his patient’s consent commits an assault for which he is liable in damages.† Subsequent cases have underscored this right to accept or refuse treatment and underlined rights to self-determination and the right to be left alone – even if choices seem poorly made to others. Informed consent is therefore both a theory and a practice of patient involvement in health care. Its theory rests on well-established ethical and legal views in the United States. In practice, informed consent means providing information that enables someone to make a meaningful decision about the desirability of a medical test or treatment, as measured in terms of its risks and benefits. Some states require that very specific information be provided when certain medical interventions are offered. For example, the U. S. Supreme Court upheld the right of states to require that physicians provide specific information to women seeking abortions. In Pennsylvania, physicians must advise a woman seeking an abortion about the state of fetal gestation, the availability of state-sponsored child support, legal and financial obligations of fathers, and so on. Proponents of this law argue that it is the state’s responsibility to ensure that women know this information before they make final decisions about abortions. If physicians working in states that require specific information to be disclosed fail to do so, they open themselves up to various legal charges. For most medical tests and treatments, however, the state does not direct the specific information that must be disclosed. In most situations, it is physicians, their professional organizations, and institutions that set the standards for disclosure. Of course, the law still has a role to play, it requires that physicians provide all the information that a person could reasonably expect to receive and that the disclosure is consistent with a professional standard of care. This information should be offered in a manner accessible to the patients and in languages they easily understand. Verbal consent is ordinarily sufficient for many if not all routine medical procedures such as blood draws, standard drug regimens, or standard tests. Written permission to test or treat can sometimes be useful documentation in medical records. Major interventions such as surgery or involvement in experimental protocols such as a drug study usually require written documentation of the consent process. The standards of informed consent also forbid physicians from exceeding the scope of any test or treatment agreement, except in emergencies. There is continued debate about the extent of information that should be provided to a particular patient regarding a proposed test or procedure. For example, patients may not always be able to appreciate technical information and for that reason it is sometimes tempting to oversimplify explanations of medical tests and treatments. Research also shows that many people fail to recall central points of the information offered to them when they are told about medical tests and treatments. Nonetheless, as a matter of ethics and the law, it is better to err on the side of more explanation rather than less when it comes to the explanation of medical treatments, and this advice increases in importance as the degree of risk associated with a treatment increases. In practice, health professionals will encounter patients who signal that they do not wish to make decisions themselves. In some instances, patients may not wish to participate at all in discussions about their care, or their family members will make clear that they wish their relative to be protected from medical information (especially if bad news or risk is involved). Situations of this kind are a challenge to implementing practices of informed consent, but to the extent possible physicians should engage patients in discussions about the nature and consequences of their treatment. Parental consent is another issue in adoption. The birth mother does not have to consent to have their child removed for their custody. Adoption is an ethical issue because there are many factor in the adoption process, and the outcome of the child during and afterwards. When the birth parents come into play, things get even more complicated. Many people adopt because they get financial aid from the government to help support the child, and the adoptive parents don’t always use the money for that child. It is important to provide all parties of the adoption with proper options and make sure no rights are violated. No child should be pulled out of their home unless there is a proper cause, and the child is in danger. Another Problem that is often seen with adoption is that the birth parents decided they want the child, or want to be a part of the child’s life. The court and the adoptive parents have to decide if this is a good idea or not. In many cases it is not up to the kids, and they just get tossed where ever someone else feels necessary. Adoption is governed by State law in the United States. Laws and practice in each State vary. No matter where the adoption takes place, overarching ethical considerations should be applied consistently. Consent refers to the agreement by a parent, or a person or agency acting in place of a parent, to relinquish a child for adoption and release all rights and duties with respect to that child. Consent to adoption is regulated by State statutes, not by Federal laws, and States differ in the way they regulate consent. In most States, the consent must be in writing and either witnessed and notarized or executed before a judge or other designated official. In all States, the court may determine that consent of the parent is not needed under specific circumstances, including when parental rights have been terminated, the child has been abandoned, the parent has been convicted of specified crimes against the other parent or the child, the parent has failed to support or establish a significant relationship with the child, or the parent is mentally incompetent or unfit due to abuse or neglect. The court may terminate the rights of one or both parents for reasons including abandonment, failure to support the child, mental incompetence, or a finding of parental unfitness due to child abuse or neglect. An unwed father’s consent may not be needed if he has failed to establish legal paternity, is found to have abandoned or neglected the child or to be an unfit parent, or fails to respond to notice of an adoption proceeding. Nearly all States, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U. S. Virgin Islands require that older children give consent to their adoption. Approximately 25 States, the District of Columbia, and the Virgin Islands set the age of consent at 14. Eighteen States, American Samoa, and Guam require a child’s consent at age 12, while six States, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Puerto Rico require consent of children age 10. In 11 States, the requirement can be dispensed with if the child lacks the mental capacity to consent. In 16 States and the Northern Mariana Islands, the court, in its discretion, may dispense with consent if it is in the best interests of the child. Colorado requires that the child be provided with counseling prior to giving consent. In Maryland, a court may grant an adoption only if the child to be adopted is represented by an attorney. The manner in which consent can be executed varies considerably. In many States, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, consent may be executed by a written statement witnessed and/or notarized by a notary public. Other States may require an appearance before a judge or the filing of a petition of relinquishment. Some States require the parent to be provided with counseling, have his or her rights and the legal effect of relinquishment explained to him or her, or be provided with legal counsel prior to consent. In cases in which custody has previously been placed with an agency, the head of the agency may sign an affidavit of consent. In most States, a birth parent who is a minor is treated no differently than other birth parents. However, in some States, the minor parent must be provided with separate counsel prior to the execution of consent, or a guardian ad litem must be appointed to either review or execute the consent. In five States, Guam, and Puerto Rico, the consent of the minor’s parents must be obtained. Adoption is meant to create a permanent and stable home for a child; therefore, a validly executed relinquishment and consent to adopt is intended to be final and irrevocable. As a result, the right of a birth parent to revoke consent is strictly limited. The territory of the U. S. Virgin Islands makes no provisions in statute for revocation of consent; Massachusetts and Utah specifically require that all consents are irrevocable. In most States, the law provides that consent may be revoked prior to the entry of the final adoption decree under specific circumstances or within specified time limits. Idaho requires a parent who revokes consent to reimburse the adoptive parents for any expenses they may have paid on his or her behalf. In Michigan, consent may not be revoked if the child has been placed with an adoptive family unless an appeal of a termination of parental rights proceeding is pending. Virginia permits one or both parents in a direct placement to waive the 7-day revocation period at the time of consent if the child is at least 10 days old and the waiving parent has received independent legal counsel. Waiver by one parent does not affect the right of the other parent to the revocation period. In all jurisdictions, consent becomes final and irrevocable once the court issues a final decree of adoption. Something else that has become a public issue is the consumption of cloned animal products. People want to know they are not eating something fake and man-made. A lot of cloning issues revolve around animals and humans. Some people do not like this due to their religious beliefs because they don’t think you should artificially create someone, and that its God’s will who is created. They also have a problem with the fact that once an embryo is conceived it is a human life, and researchers use them for research and do not preserve the life. The researches do not see the embryo as a human life, and conduct many test on them. Scientists do not view these experiments as people with strong religious beliefs. People often view this as a type of abortion because they are taking a life. People have decided that cloning today is unwise, and unnecessary, and in some cases criminal for humans, although in 2006 the government approved the distribution and consumption of cloned meats. This raised significant objections because the public wasn’t sure if they really wanted to be consuming cloned animals. Most of the ethical issues of cloning be it in animals or humans have been raised by the Catholic Church, as well as other religious organizations. They all strongly oppose cloning as according to the religious belief life begins at conception and that life cannot be created artificially but from the unity of a man and a woman. At the same time, the church together with the other religious organizations argue against therapeutic cloning as well because, as mentioned above, they are guided by the idea that life starts at the conception and once the embryo exists it must be treated as a person, and thus destroying embryos and using them only for the purpose of research is not consistent with the religious view on the issue. Concerns about cloning animals for food go beyond questions of food safety. In addition to concern for animal welfare, many people have ethical and moral qualms about animal cloning. According to recent surveys, for example, 64 percent of Americans think cloning is â€Å"morally wrong,† and another 63 percent would not buy cloned food even it were labeled as â€Å"safe. † A fundamental argument of those who have ethical concerns about animal cloning is that just because scientists can clone animals for food, doesn’t mean they should. The 2008 report by the Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production concluded that significant changes are needed in how farmed animals are raised in the U. S. , but cloning would move us in the opposite direction. Cloning promotes the objectification and commoditization of animals, treating these living sentient beings as mere machines for human manufacture. In addition, as the public becomes increasingly aware of the treatment of farmed animals, many are concerned that cloning highly productive animals exacerbates animal welfare problems, because these animals tend to suffer from painful infections of the udder, lameness, and other ‘production-related’ diseases. In addition to concerns about animal welfare, many worry that the technology used to clone animals is the same that can be used to clone humans or produce transgenic animals, but the implications of such applications have  yet to be fully examined. Researchers in England and Australia have already backed proposals to create human-animal hybrids, for example by fusing a human cell to an animal egg to create embryos that are 99. 9 percent human and 0. 1 percent rabbit. People are concerned that cloning represents a dangerous ‘transgression’ of science. Many also feel that cloning is â€Å"not natural† because, overall, cloning requires a significantly greater level of involvement and interference with animals’ reproductive performance than conventional production methods. Several religious groups, including from Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist faiths, have rejected animal cloning on ethical grounds. Cloning and genetic engineering are viewed by these groups as tantamount to â€Å"playing God. † Nearly 90 percent of Americans want the government to factor in ethical considerations when making a decision on animal cloning. Such discussions are taking place around the world, with countries such as Canada, Taiwan, Japan, and the European Union saying they will consider the public’s concerns about animal cloning before deciding if they will accept the technology. The European Commission, for example, asked the European Group on Ethics to issue an expert opinion on the ethical implications of cloning animals for food. The group concluded in early 2008 that, particularly due to the animal suffering involved, it could find no ethical justification for cloning animals. The European Food Safety Authority also concluded that, â€Å"The health and welfare of a significant proportion of clones has been found to be adversely affected.† It was irresponsible for the FDA to allow cloned animals into the food supply without allowing similar discussions to take place in the U. S. Given the severity of the animal health problems associated with cloning, and the magnitude of ethical qualms Americans have with using the technology, there is both a pressing need and an overwhelming demand for the government to establish a proper regulatory framework to oversee animal cloning, one that takes into consideration both ethics and science. In October 2006, AAVS joined with the Center for Food Safety and several other animal welfare, consumer, and environmental organizations to petition the FDA to establish an ethics Advisory Committee, similar to ones set up to discuss human genetic technologies, to provide an opportunity for public participation and transparency in the animal cloning debate. An advisory committee, mirroring the Health and Human Services Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health, and Society, which serves as a public forum for deliberations on the broad societal issues raised by the development and use of genetic technologies in humans, would serve to deliberate both publicly and officially the ethical challenges presented by animal cloning. Though the FDA chose to deny the petition, AAVS continues to work with federal agencies and Congress to ensure that the animal welfare and ethical implications of cloning are fully considered before the moratorium on animal clones is lifted. As surveys have shown, the public’s concerns for animal welfare and ethics have the potential to greatly impact the agricultural market and foreign trade, and consumers should have a voice in how their food is produced. However, the FDA has stated that it will not require food from cloned animals to be labeled. That means that consumers who oppose animal cloning on animal welfare, religious, or moral grounds would be forced to unwittingly make purchases that violate their ethical principles. That is why AAVS is also supporting legislation that would require food from cloned animals and their offspring, if they are approved for sale, to be labeled. Consumers have a right to know how their food was produced so they can make informed decisions about what they buy and what they feed their families.

Why Protons and Neutrons Stick Together in the Nucleus

An atom contains protons, neutrons, and electrons.  The nucleus of an atom consists of bound protons and neutrons (nucleons). The negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged protons and fall around the nucleus, much like a satellite is attracted to the gravity of the Earth. The positively-charged protons repel each other and arent electrically attracted or repelled to the neutral neutrons, so you may wonder how the atomic nucleus sticks together and why protons dont fly off. The explanation for why protons and neutrons stick together is known as the strong force. The strong force is also known as the strong interaction, color force, or strong nuclear force.  The strong force is much more powerful than the electrical repulsion between protons, however, the particles have to be close to each other for it to stick them together. How the Strong Force Works Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller subatomic particles. When protons or neutrons get close enough to each other, they exchange particles (mesons), binding them together. Once they are bound, it takes considerable energy to break them apart. To add protons or neutrons, the nucleons either have to be moving at high speed  or they need to be forced together under great pressure. Although the strong force overcomes electrostatic repulsion, protons do repel each other. For this reason, its usually easier to add neutrons to an atom than to add protons.